HPUX cpio[1]
cpio in anderen Kapiteln des hpux Handbuch:
cpio.4
cpio(1) cpio(1)
NAME
cpio - copy file archives in and out
SYNOPSIS
cpio -o [aABcxvCh]
cpio -i [BdcrtuxvmfPsSb6RU] [patterns]
cpio -p [aduxvlmrU] directory
DESCRIPTION
cpio -o (copy out) Read the standard input to obtain a list of
path names, and copy those files to the standard output
together with path name and status information. Output is
padded to a 512-byte boundary.
cpio -i (copy in) Extract files from the standard input which is
assumed to be the product of a previous cpio -o. Only
files with names that match patterns, according to the
rules of Pattern Matching Notation (see regexp(5)), are
selected. In addition, a leading ! within a pattern
indicates that only those names should be selected that do
not match the remainder of the pattern. Multiple patterns
can be specified. If no patterns are specified, the
default for patterns is * (select all files). Extracted
files are conditionally created and copied into the
current directory tree, as determined by the options
described below. The permissions of the files match the
permissions of the original files when the archive was
created by cpio -o unless the -U option is used. File
owner and group are that of the current user unless the
user has appropriate privileges, in which case cpio
retains the owner and group of the files of the previous
cpio -o.
cpio -p (pass) Read the standard input to obtain a list of path
names of files which are then conditionally created and
copied into the destination directory tree as determined
by the options described below. Destination path names
are interpreted relative to the named directory.
Options
cpio recognizes the following options in addition to -i, -o, and -p:
a Reset access times of input files after they are copied.
A Suppress warning messages regarding optional access
control list entries. cpio(1) does not backup optional
access control list entries in a file's access control
list (see acl(5)). Normally, a warning message is
printed for each file that has optional access control
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list entries.
B Block input/output at 5120 bytes to the record (does not
apply to the cpio -p option). This option is meaningful
only with data directed to or from devices that support
variable-length records such as magnetic tape.
d Create directories as needed.
c Write or read header information in ASCII character form
for portability.
r Rename files interactively. If the user types a null
line, the file is skipped.
t Print only a table of contents of the input. No files
are created, read, or copied.
u Copy unconditionally (normally, an older file does not
replace a newer file with the same name).
x Save or restore device special files. Since mknod() is
used to recreate these files on a restore, -ix and -px
can only be used by users with appropriate privileges
(see mknod(2)). This option is intended for intrasystem
(backup) use only. Restoring device files onto a
different system can be very dangerous.
v Verbose: cause a list of file names to be printed. When
used with the t option, the table of contents looks like
the output of an ls -l command (see ls(1)).
l Whenever possible, link files rather than copying them.
This option does not destroy existing files. Usable only
with the -p option.
m Retain previous file modification time. This option does
not affect directories that are being copied.
f Copy in all files except those in patterns.
P Read a file written on a PDP-11 or VAX system (with byte
swapping) that did not use the -c option. Only useful
with -i (copy in). Files copied in this mode are not
changed. Non-ASCII files are likely to need further
processing to be readable. This processing often
requires knowledge of file contents, and thus cannot
always be done by this program. (PDP-11 and VAX are
registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation).
The -s, -S, and -b options below can be used when
swapping all the bytes on the tape (rather than just the
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headers) is appropriate. In general, text is best
processed with -P and binary data with one of the other
options.
s Swap all bytes of the file. Use only with the -i option.
S Swap all half-words in the file. Use only with the -i
option.
b Swap both bytes and half-words. Use only with the -i
option.
6 Process a UNIX Sixth-Edition-format file. Only useful
with -i (copy in).
R Resynchronize automatically when cpio goes "Out of
phase," (see DIAGNOSTICS).
C Have cpio checkpoint itself at the start of each volume.
If cpio is writing to a streaming tape drive with
immediate-report mode enabled and a write error occurs,
it normally aborts and exits with return code 2. With
this option specified, cpio instead automatically
restarts itself from the checkpoint and rewrites the
current volume. Alternatively, if cpio is not writing to
such a device and a write error occurs, cpio normally
continues with the next volume. With this option
specified, however, the user can choose to either ignore
the error or rewrite the current volume.
h Follow symbolic links as though they were normal files or
directories. Normally, cpio archives the link.
U Use the process's file-mode creation mask (see umask(2))
to modify the mode of files created, in the same manner
as creat(2).
Note that cpio archives created using a raw device file must be read
using a raw device file.
When the end of the tape is reached, cpio prompts the user for a new
special file and continues.
If you want to pass one or more metacharacters to cpio without the
shell expanding them, be sure to precede each of them with a backslash
(\).
Device files written with the -ox option (such as /dev/tty03) do not
transport to other implementations of HP-UX.
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EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
LC_COLLATE determines the collating sequence used in evaluating
pattern matching notation for file name generation.
LC_CTYPE determines the interpretation of text as single and/or
multi-byte characters, and the characters matched by character class
expressions in pattern matching notation.
LC_TIME determines the format and content of date and time strings
output when listing the contents of an archive with the -v option.
LANG determines the language in which messages are displayed.
If LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, or LC_TIME is not specified in the
environment or is set to the empty string, the value of LANG is used
as a default for each unspecified or empty variable. If LANG is not
specified or is set to the empty string, a default of "C" (see
lang(5)) is used instead of LANG. If any internationalization
variable contains an invalid setting, cpio behaves as if all
internationalization variables are set to "C". See environ(5).
International Code Set Support
Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported.
DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostic message Out of phase indicates that cpio could not
successfully read its particular ``magic number'' in the header.
Without the R option specified, cpio fails and returns an exit code of
2. With the R option, cpio attempts to resync automatically
(resyncing means that cpio tries to find the next good header in the
archive and continues processing from there). If cpio tries to
resynchronize from being ``Out of phase'', it returns an exit code of
1. If resynchronization fails, try changing header mode (-c option)
or byte swapping the header (-P or -s options).
EXAMPLES
The first example below copies the contents of a directory into an
archive; the second duplicates a directory hierarchy:
ls | cpio -o >/dev/rmt/0m
cd olddir
find . -depth -print | cpio -pd newdir
The trivial case find . -depth -print | cpio -oB >/dev/rmt/0m can be
handled more efficiently by:
find . -cpio /dev/rmt/0m
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WARNINGS
Do not redirect the output of cpio to a named cpio archive file
residing in the same directory as the original files belonging to that
cpio archive. This can cause loss of data.
cpio strips any leading ./ characters in the list of filenames piped
to it.
Path names are restricted to PATH_MAX characters (see <limits.h> and
limits(5)). If there are too many unique linked files, the program
runs out of memory to keep track of them. Thereafter, linking
information is lost. Only users with appropriate privileges can copy
special files.
cpio tapes written on HP machines with the -ox[c] options can
sometimes mislead (non-HP) versions of cpio that do not support the -x
option. If a non-HP(or non-AT&T) version of cpio happens to be
modified so that (HP) cpio recognizes it as a device special file, a
spurious device file might be created.
If /dev/tty is not accessible, cpio issues a complaint and exits.
The -pd option does not create the directory typed on the command
line.
The -idr option does not make empty directories.
The -plu option does not link files to existing files.
POSIX defines a file named TRAILER!!! as an end-of-archive marker.
Consequently, if a file of that name is contained in a group of files
being written by cpio -o, the file is interpreted as end-of-archive,
and no remaining files are copied. Recommended practice is to avoid
naming files anything that resembles an end-of-archive file name.
To create a POSIX-conforming cpio archive, the -c option must be used.
To read a POSIX-conforming cpio archive, the -c option must be used
and the -b, -s, -S, and -6 options should not be used. If the user
does not have appropriate privileges, the -U option must also be used
to get POSIX-conforming behavior when reading an archive. Users with
appropriate privileges should not use this option to get POSIX
-conforming behavior.
Using Cartridge Tape Drives:
The use of cpio with cartridge tape units requires additional
comments. For an explanation of the constraints on cartridge tapes,
see ct(7).
Using cpio to write directly to a cartridge tape unit can severely
damage the tape drive in a short amount of time, and is therefore
strongly discouraged. The recommended method of writing to the
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cartridge tape unit is to use tcio(1) in conjunction with cpio (note
that -B must not be used when tcio(1) is used) because tcio(1) buffers
data into larger pieces suitable for cartridge tapes. The -B option
must be used when writing directly (that is, without using tcio(1)) to
a CS/80 cartridge tape unit.
Access Control Lists
Access control list descriptions in this entry apply only to standard
HP-UX operating systems. If HP-UX BLS software has been installed,
access control lists are handled differently. Refer to HP-UX BLS
documentation for information about access control lists in the HP-UX
BLS environment.
SEE ALSO
ar(1), find(1), tar(1), tcio(1), cpio(4), acl(5), environ(5), lang(5),
regexp(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
cpio: SVID2, XPG2, XPG3
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