HPUX last[1m]

 last(1M)                                                           last(1M)





 NAME
      last, lastb - indicate last logins of users and ttys

 SYNOPSIS
      /etc/last [-c] [-R] [-count] [name ...] [tty ...]
      /etc/lastb [-c] [-R] [-count] [name ...] [tty ...]

 DESCRIPTION
      last searches backwards through file /etc/wtmp (which contains a
      record of all logins and logouts) for information about a user, a tty,
      or any group of users and ttys.  Arguments specify names of users or
      ttys of interest.  Names of ttys can be given fully or abbreviated.
      For example, last 0 is the same as last tty0.  If multiple arguments
      are given, the information that applies to any of the arguments is
      printed.  For example, last root console lists all of root's sessions
      as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  last prints the
      sessions of the specified users and ttys, most recent first,
      indicating when the session began, the duration of the session, and
      the tty on which the session took place.  If the session is still
      continuing or was cut short by a reboot, last so indicates.

      The pseudo-user reboot logs each time the system reboots.  Thus last
      reboot is a useful command for evaluating the relative time between
      system reboots.

      last recognizes the following options and arguments:

           (none)    If no arguments are specified, last prints a record of
                     all logins and logouts in reverse order, most recent
                     first.

           -c        Displays login information for all cnodes of an HP
                     Cluster (see glossary(9)).

           -count    Limits the report to count lines.  When used in
                     conjunction with the -c option, the limit is applied
                     independently for each cnode in the cluster.

           -R        When used with last and lastb, -R displays the user's
                     host name as it is stored in files /etc/wtmp and
                     /etc/btmp respectively.  The host name is displayed
                     between the tty name and the user's login time.

      If last is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has progressed
      in wtmp. If interrupted by a quit signal (generated by a Ctrl-\), last
      indicates how far the search has progressed, then continues the
      search.

      lastb searches backwards through the database file /etc/btmp to
      display bad login information.  Access to /etc/btmp should be
      restricted to users with appropriate privileges (owned by and readable



 Hewlett-Packard Company            - 1 -     HP-UX Release 9.0: August 1992






 last(1M)                                                           last(1M)





      only by root) because it may contain password information.

 AUTHOR
      last was developed by the University of California, Berkeley and HP.

 FILES
      /etc/btmp      bad login data base
      /etc/wtmp      login data base

 SEE ALSO
      login(1), utmp(4).











































 Hewlett-Packard Company            - 2 -     HP-UX Release 9.0: August 1992